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+===== Orinoco =====
+This [[en/developers/Documentation/Glossary|FullMAC]] driver covers a range of older wireless cards which have varying capabilities. All the cards share a common MAC controller. They differ by firmware (supplied by Agere, Intersil or Symbol) and bus connection.
+Depending on the card (and the bus it uses), you will need to load one of the following drivers:
+  * airport - An Apple Powerbook/iBook internal Airport.
+  * orinoco_cs - Typical PCMCIA card.
+  * orinoco_nortel - PC Card connected to a PCI bus via custom PCMCIA-PCI adapter.
+  * orinoco_pci - Typical card connected via PCI.
+  * orinoco_plx - PCMCIA card connected to a PCI bus via a PLX bridge.
+  * orinoco_tmd - PCMCIA card connected to a PCI bus via a TMD chip.
+  * orinoco_usb - USB devices.
+  * spectrum_cs - Driver for Spectrum24 PCMCIA cards.
+===== caveats =====
+WPA support is only available for Agere based cards, and requires a firmware download on startup. This support was introduced in 2.6.28.
+Monitor mode may only be stable with certain firmware revisions.
+===== supported chips =====
+    * All the firmware variants are supported.
+    * The Hermes I MAC controller is supported.
+    * The Hermes II MAC controller is not supported.
+    * Support for USB variants was included in kernel 2.6.35
+===== available devices =====
+See the [[en/users/Drivers/orinoco/devices|orinoco device list]].
+Note that support for Intersil (Prism) devices is being disabled from v2.6.35. The hostap driver should be more capable for these cards. If you really need it, enable the <code>CONFIG_HERMES_PRISM</code> kernel option.
+===== features =====
+==== working ====
+      * Station mode
+      * Ad-hoc mode
+      * Monitor mode
+      * WEP
+      * WPA-PSK (TKIP)
+==== not working yet ====
+        * AP mode
+        * Radiotap headers in monitor mode
+==== not supported ====
+          * WPA2
+          * WPA-PSK (CCMP)
+===== device firmware =====
+The driver will do its best to work with the firmware it finds on the card. This may restrict the capabilities of the card.
+Firmware download to RAM is available for Symbol based spectrum_cs cards, and all Agere based cards (including the AirPort).
+The spectrum_cs cards require two firmware files, symbol_sp24t_prim_fw and symbol_sp24t_sec_fw. Extraction tools (for Windows drivers) can be found in [[http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/orinoco/|orinoco-fwutils]]
+The Agere firmware file must be named agere_sta_fw.bin. Extraction tools (for Windows and Apple drivers) can be found in the [[http://repo.or.cz/w/agere_fw_utils.git|agere_fw_utils]] tree. WPA support requires at least firmware v9.42. v9.48 is available from the [[http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git|linux-firmware]] tree.
+The Agere based USB cards require bridge firmware, orinoco_ezusb_fw. Extraction tools can be found in [[http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/orinoco/|orinoco-fwutils]]. For WPA the bridge firmware must be compatible with the v9.42 card firmware. This can be retrieved by the following commands:
+| <code>wget http://web.archive.org/web/20061206062642/http://www.agere.com/mobility/docs/windows_drivers_sr02-2.3.zip</code> |
+| <code>unzip windows_drivers_sr02-2.3.zip WLAGS51.SYS</code> |
+| <code>dd if=WLAGS51.SYS of=orinoco_ezusb_fw skip=10312 count=436 bs=16</code> |
+===== Known issues =====
+==== Roaming and WPA_supplicant ====
+<code>Lucent/Agere firmware doesn't support manual roaming</code>
+On the Agere cards, roaming is controlled by the firmware instead of userspace. You will get the above message if userspace attempts to associate with a specific AP rather than by [[en/developers/Documentation/Glossary|SSID]].
+If you are using wpa_supplicant use <code>ap_scan=2</code> mode.
+NetworkManager uses wpa_supplicant, so the above also applies.
+===== external links =====
+            * [[http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/orinoco/|http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/orinoco/]]
+            * [[http://www.nongnu.org/orinoco|Driver homepage]]
+            * [[http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Orinoco.html|Jean Tourhilles orinoco page]]

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